Diplomacy is the art of dealing with international problems through peaceful means. It is the platform that brings world leaders together in order to agree on mutual interests and resolve international crises. It is the basis of every treaty, resolution and law that defines how the world is run.
The word “diplomacy” has its origins in the ancient Greek word diplo, meaning ‘folded’ and the suffix –ma, referring to an object – the document through which princes conferred privileges on their subjects. Later, the term came to denote the practice of foreign relations and, eventually, all solemn documents issued by chancelleries that conveyed such favours. The direct link with documents lapsed, but diplomacy is still associated with the practice of negotiating on behalf of states.
The practice of diplomacy has evolved with the development of modern globalisation and a greater range of actors that seek to shape international decision-making. In addition to states, this now includes global businesses and non-governmental organisations (NGOs).
Despite these developments, the fundamental principles of diplomacy have remained unchanged. Diplomats must be able to understand the complexities of different situations, persuade their counterparts in various settings and hold a long-term perspective. They must be able to craft an implementable solution and have the courage to pursue it.
Diplomacy operates below the threshold of armed conflict and, by combining statecraft with pressure tools such as sanctions, can keep escalation under control. It builds and tends the coalitions that deter war, contrives its termination and forms, strengthens and sustains peace with other states.